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NTI GLOSSARY OF TERMS


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α2-Adrenergic agonist α2-Adrenergic receptor Abducens motoneuron
Abduct Ablation Abortive treatment
Accurate diagnosis Acetylcholine Acetylcholine release
Achalasia Achilles tendon lengthening Action potential
Activation Acute Adaptive
Adducted Adductor A-delta-fibers
Adjunctive Adverse event/effect Afferent neurons (nerve fibers)
AFO Agent Agonist
Akathisia Akinesia Alcohol
Algorithm Allodynia Alpha (α) motor neurons
Aluminum salts Amblyopia Ambulant
Amitriptyline (TCA) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Anal fissure
Analgesia Analgesic Analog (Analogue)
Anesthetics Angle of deviation Anhidrotic
Anorexia Antagonist Antecubital fossa
Anterior Anterocollis Antibody
Anticholinergic Anticholinesterase (AChE) Anticonvulsant
Antidepressant Antiepileptic Antigen(-ic)
Antinociceptive Apraxia Aspiration
Ataxia Athetosis Atrophy
Atropine Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Augment (ation)
Auricular Autoimmune Autonomic
Autonomic hypersecretory disorders Autonomic nervous system Autosomal dominant genetic disorder
Axilla Axillar(y) hyperhidrosis Axon
Babinski reflex Baclofen Ballismus
Barbiturates Basal ganglia disorders Benzodiazepine
Beta (ß)-adrenergic receptors Beta blockers (ß-blockers) Biceps
Bilateral Bilateral primary axillary hyperhidrosis Binocular fusion
Bladder capacity Bladder hyperreflexia Blepharospasm
Block Blocking/neutralizing antibodies Blood-brain barrier
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT type A)
Botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT type B) Brachialis Brachioradialis
Bracing Bradykinesia Bradykinin
Brainstem Brain synaptosomes Bruxism
Bulbospinal motor pathway Bupivacaine (bupivacaine hydrochloride) Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
Calcium channel blockers (CCB) Calf Callus
Camptocormia Capsaicin Capsicum
Caregiver Carpal tunnel syndrome Catecholamine
Cation Cervical Dystonia Severity Scale (CDSS) Central nervous system (CNS)
Cerebellar disorders Cerebellum Cerebral cortex
Cerebral model Cerebral palsy (CP) Cervical
Cervical braces Cervical dystonia (CD) Cervical paraspinal muscles
Cervicogenic headache C-fibers Channel (protein channel)
Chemodenervation (chemical denervation) Cholecystectomy Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Cholinergic Chorea Chronic
Chronic anal fissure (CAF) Chronic daily headache (CDH) Chronic frontal tension headache (FTH)
Chronic myofascial pain Circumduction Citicholine
Classification Cleave Clenched fist
Clonazepam (CNP) Clonic Clonic tics
Clonidine (CLN) Clonus Clostridium botulinum
Cluster headache Co-contraction Combination approach
Compressed Compulsions Cone snail neurotoxins
Conotoxins Conjunctiva Constipation
Continence Contraction Contracture
Contraindication Contralateral Control vehicle
Contulakin-G Conus peptide Conus species
Coordination Cortex Corticobasal degeneration (CBD)
Corticospinal (system) Corticospinal tract Cranial nerve (nuclei)
Cranial nerve palsy Cranial neuropathy Cricopharyngeal spasm
Crutch Curettage Cutaneous
Cyproheptadine Cystometer Cystometry (-ic)
Cystoscope (-ic) Dantrolene Deformity
Degenerative Dementia Demyelinate
Denaturation Denervation Depolarization
Descending corticospinal system Desensitization Detrusor
Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) Deviation Diabetes (diabetic)
Diazepam Diffuse Diplegia
Diplopia Dislocation Disorder
Distal Distillation Disulfide
Dizziness Docking Dopamine
Dopamine agonist (DA) Dopamine receptor Dopamine receptor antagonist
Dopaminergic Dorsal horn Dorsal root ganglia
Dorsiflexion Dose Double-blind
Dry mouth Dry needling Duration of response
Dysarthria Dysesthesia Dysfunction
Dyskinesia Dyskinesia while awake (DWA) Dysphagia
Dysport® Dyspraxia Dysreflexia
Dysrhythmia Dyssynergia Dystonia
Dystonic Eaton-Lambert Syndrome Eccrine sweat glands
Economic burden Edema Efferent neurons (nerve fibers)
Efficacy Elasticity Elbow flexion
Electrical Stimulation (ES) Electromyograph (EMG) (activity) Encephalopathies
Endocrinopathy Endocytosis Endplate hypothesis
Endplate potential Epibatidine Epipedobates tricolor
Epiphrenic diverticulum Episodic (episodes) Epithelialization
Equinovarus (talipes equinovarus) Equinus Esotropia
Essential tremor (ET) Ethanol Etidocaine
Etiology Euphorbia resinifera Evidence-based medicine
Exacerbate Excitability Excitation
Excitatory Excitotoxicity Exocytosis
Exotropia Extension Extensor
Exteroceptive Exteroceptor Extrapyramidal system
Extrinsic Eyelid Facial nerve palsy
Facial synkinesis Fascia Fatigue
Femoris (femur) Fibers Fibromyalgia
Flexion Flexor Fluoxetine (Prozac®)
Focal dystonia Focal hyperhidrosis Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Formalin challenge Frequency Froment's sign
Gabapentin Gait Gait apraxia
Gamma motor neuron Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Gastrocnemius
Gastroparesis G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR’s) Gesticulations
Glabella Glabellar lines Glabellar sites
Glottal closing Glottal opening Glutamate
Gluteal muscles Gluteus Glycoprotein
Golgi tendon organ Gracilis Gross motor function classification system (GMFCS)
Gravimetric measurement Gustatory sweating Haloperidol (HAL)
Hamstring Handicap Headache
Headache disorders/classification Hematuria Hemichorea
Hemicrania Hemifacial spasm Hemiparesis
Hemiplegia Hirschsprung’s disorder Hitchhiker’s great toe
Homeostasis Huntington’s disease Hygiene
Hyperextension Hyperhidrosis Hyperkinetic
Hyperlacrimation Hyperreflexia Hypersalivation
Hypersensitive Hypertension Hypotension
Hypoxic encephalopathy Ia fiber Idiopathic
Iliacus (iliacus psoas) Iliopsoas Immobilization
Immune response Immunoresistance Impaired/ment
Interphalangeal joint (IP) In vitro In vivo
Incidence Incontinence Individualized
Infantile esotropia Infarction Infection
Inflammatory Inflammatory pain Ingrown toenails
Inhibition Inhibitor Innervate
Instillation Integrated management Integrated trigger point hypothesis
Intermedius Internal capsule Internalization
International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) Interstitial cystitis Intradermal injection
Intradetrusor Intrafusal Intramuscular
Intrathecal Intravesical/intravesicular Ion
Ion-gated channels Iontophoresis Ipsilateral
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Ischemia Isometric
Isosorbide dinitrate Isotonic Jerk
Joint contractures Joint fusion Joint stabilization
Junction Kinetic tremor Lacrimal gland
Lamotrigine Laryngeal dystonia Lateral
Lateralis Laterocollis Latissimus dorsi
Lesions Levator (levator palpebrae superioris) Level (or strength) of evidence
Levodopa Lidocaine Ligand-gated ion channel
Limb Lioresal® Liposuction
Local anesthetic block Locate Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Lower extremity Maceration Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Adductor magnus Malodor Marine mollusks
Masseter Mechanism of action Medial
Medialis Meige syndrome Membrane fusion
Meta-analysis Metatarsal Methylprednisolone
Metoprolol Micturition Migraine
Minor sweat test Mitochondria(l) Mitochondrial DNA mutations
Mobility Mobilization Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Monoplegia Monosynaptic Motor
Motor end plate Motor neurons Motor task
Motor tics Movement disorders Multicenter trial
Multidisciplinary Multifocal Multilimb
Multimodal Multiple sclerosis (MS) Multiple system atrophy
Muscle Muscle contraction Muscle hyperactivity
Muscle relaxation Muscle spindle organ Muscle weakness
Muscular overload Musculoskeletal Musculotendinous
Myasthenia gravis Myelin/myelinated Myenteric plexus
Myobloc® Myoclonus Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS)
Myogenous orofacial pain Myotomy Mysoline®
Nasal hypersecretion Neck Pain and Disability (NPAD) scale Necrosis
Negative motor signs Nerve Nervous system
Neurectomy Neurobloc Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurogenic Neurogenic inflammation Neurokinin (A)
Neuroleptic Neurolysis Neurolytic
Neuromediators Neuromuscular Neuromuscular disorders
Neuromuscular endplate Neuromuscular junction Neuron (-al)
Neuroparalysis Neuropathy Neuropeptides
Neuroreceptors Neurotensin Neurotoxin
Neurotransmission Neurotransmitters (neuromediator) Nicotinic receptor
NMDA receptor Nociception Nociceptive
Nociceptor Nonresponder Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Nystagmus Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Obturator nerve Occipitalis muscle Occlusion therapy
Oculomotor Occupational therapy Omega conotoxin
Omega conotoxin MVIIA Open-label Ophthalmology
Ophthalmoplegia Orbicularis oculi Orofacial pain
Oropharyngeal dysphagia Orthosis Orthotic
Os calcis Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire (OLBPQ) Overactive Bladder (OAB)
Palmar Palmar hyperhidrosis Palmaris
Palsy Pancreatitis Paralysis
Parasympathetic nervous system Paresis Paresthesia
Parkinson’s disease Parkinsonian syndromes Paroxysmal
Pathophysiology Pectineus Pectoralis major
Pelvis Peptide Percutaneous
Perineal Perineum Periosteum
Peripheral Peripheral edema Peripheral inhibition
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Peripheral neuropathy Peristalsis
Peroneus Pharmacologic Phasic
Phenol Phonic tics Physical therapy
Physiotherapy Pimozide Placebo
Placebo-controlled trial Plantar hyperhidrosis Plantar flexors
Plasticity Pneumatic dilation Polysynaptic
Positive motor signs Postcholecystectomy pain syndrome Posterior
Posteromedial Postural Postural instability
Postural tremor Posture Postvoid residual volume
Potency Poverty of movement Precursor
Premonitory sensation Presynaptic Presynaptic blockade
Presynaptic inhibition Preventive treatments Primary resistance
Principal sites Prior resistance Prism diopters
Proctalgia fugax Profundus Proinflammatory
Prolonged depolarization Pronated forearm Pronation
Pronator quadratus Pronator teres Prophylactic treatment
Propranolol Proprioception Proprioceptive system
Prostate hyperreflexia Protein Protein denaturation
Proximal Pseudodystonia Psoas major muscle
Ptosis Pyramidal system Pyramidal syndromes
Quadriceps Quadriplegia Radial
Radialis Radiculopathy Randomized
Randomized controlled trials Range of motion (ROM) Receptor
Rectus Reflex Refractory
Regeneration Regurgitation Rehabilitation
Release Resiniferatoxin Resistance
Retrocollis Retrograde transport Retrospective
Rhabdosphincter Rhinitis Rhinorrhea
Rhythmical myoclonus Rigidity Rotational osteotomy
Salivary glands Salivation Scissoring thighs
Scoliosis Scopolamine Secondary headaches
Secondary resistance Sedation Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Sensation Sensitivity Sensitization
Sensory Sensory exotropia Sensory fibers
Sensorimotor Serial casting Serotype
Shapiro Tourette Syndrome Severity Scale Shortening Sialorrhea
Signs of absence Signs of presence Skeletal
SNAP-25 SNARE proteins SNX-111
Sodium valproate Soft tissues Soleus
Somatosensory Spasm Spasmodic dysphonia (SD)
Spasmodic torticollis (ST) Spastic Spastic constipation
Spasticity Sphincter Sphincter of Oddi
Sphincterotomy Spinal cord Spinal model
Splenius capitis Splint Splinting
Static Stenosis Stepped-care approach
Sternocleidomastoid Stiff (extended) knee Stiffness
Stimulator Stimulus (i) Strabismus
Stratified care Strength Stretch
Stretch reflex Striatal toe Striated
Stroke Subcortical Sublimis
Subluxation Subscapularis Substance P
Substrate Superficialis Supination
Suprapubic Supraspinal Sustain
Sympathectomy Sympathetic nervous system Symptom
Symptomatic Synapse Synaptic
Synaptobrevin Synaptosome Synaptosomal
Synkinesis (ias) Syntaxin Systemic
Tachycardia Tardieu scale Team approach
Temporalis muscle Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Tendon
Tendon lengthening Tendon transfers Tension-type headache (TTH)
Teres major Terminal Tetanus toxin
Tetrabenazine Tetraplegia Tetrodotoxins
Therapy Three-jaw chuck Threshold
Thumb-in-palm (deformity) Thyroid ophthalmopathy Tiagabine
Tibia Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior
Tic Tip pinch Tissue
Titratable Tizanidine Toe clawing/curling
Toe drag Tone Tonic
Topiramate Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) Torticollis
Tourette’s syndrome Toxin Tract
Transient Transmission Transport
Transurethral Trapezius Trauma
Treatment Treatment algorithm Treatment cycles
Tremor Trigeminal nerve Trigger points
Trihexyphenidyl Triplegia Trismus
Trochlear nerve palsy Tsui scale Ulcer
Ulna Ulnar Ulnaris
Underdiagnose Undertreat Unilateral
Unmyelinated Unmyelinated C fibers Upper extremity
Upper limb dystonia Upper motor lesions Upper motor neurons (UMN)
Upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS) Urethra Urethral
Urethral reflux Urge incontinence Urinary
Urodynamic Urology Valium
Valproate VAMP-1 Vanilloid receptor 1
Vascular Vasoactive Vasoconstrictor
Vasodilator Vasomotor Vasomotor rhinitis
Vasopressin Vastus Velocity
Venom Verapamil Vesicle
Visual analog scale (VAS) Vocal tics Void (ing)
Voiding pressure Volition Voltage-gated ion channels
Voluntary Wallerian degeneration Weakening
Wilson disease Withdrawal Writer’s cramp
Zanaflex® Ziconotide  

 

 

 

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